Biological AI agents emerged from near-zero before 2023 to 115 published systems by September 2025

Bio AI agent systems: pre-2023 near zero, 2023-2025 period 115 total.
Published bio-AI agent systems (cumulative estimate) Peer-reviewed count: 115 (Briefings in Bioinformatics, 2026)

Source: structured literature review covering arXiv, PubMed, bioRxiv, Google Scholar. Strict agentic criteria: multi-step reasoning, autonomous planning, tool use, closed-loop bio interaction. Excludes chatbots and one-shot LLM tools.